We introduce ViewNeRF, a Neural Radiance Field-based viewpoint estimation method that learns to predict category-level viewpoints directly from images during training. While NeRF is usually trained with ground-truth camera poses, multiple extensions have been proposed to reduce the need for this expensive supervision. Nonetheless, most of these methods still struggle in complex settings with large camera movements, and are restricted to single scenes, i.e. they cannot be trained on a collection of scenes depicting the same object category. To address these issues, our method uses an analysis by synthesis approach, combining a conditional NeRF with a viewpoint predictor and a scene encoder in order to produce self-supervised reconstructions for whole object categories. Rather than focusing on high fidelity reconstruction, we target efficient and accurate viewpoint prediction in complex scenarios, e.g. 360{\deg} rotation on real data. Our model shows competitive results on synthetic and real datasets, both for single scenes and multi-instance collections.

Understanding the 3D world without supervision is currently a major challenge in computer vision as the annotations required to supervise deep networks for tasks in this domain are expensive to obtain on a large scale. In this paper, we address the problem of unsupervised viewpoint estimation. We formulate this as a self-supervised learning task, where image reconstruction provides the supervision needed to predict the camera viewpoint. Specifically, we make use of pairs of images of the same object at training time, from unknown viewpoints, to self-supervise training by combining the viewpoint information from one image with the appearance information from the other. We demonstrate that using a perspective spatial transformer allows efficient viewpoint learning, outperforming existing unsupervised approaches on synthetic data, and obtains competitive results on the challenging PASCAL3D+ dataset.

上下文自适应熵模型的应用显着提高了速率 - 渗透率（R-D）的性能，在该表现中，超级培训和自回归模型被共同利用来有效捕获潜在表示的空间冗余。但是，潜在表示仍然包含一些空间相关性。此外，这些基于上下文自适应熵模型的方法在解码过程中无法通过并行计算设备，例如FPGA或GPU。为了减轻这些局限性，我们提出了一个学识渊博的多分辨率图像压缩框架，该框架利用了最近开发的八度卷积，以将潜在表示形式分配到高分辨率（HR）和低分辨率（LR）部分，类似于小波变换，这进一步改善了R-D性能。为了加快解码的速度，我们的方案不使用上下文自适应熵模型。取而代之的是，我们利用一个额外的超层，包括超级编码器和超级解码器，以进一步删除潜在表示的空间冗余。此外，将跨分辨率参数估计（CRPE）引入提出的框架中，以增强信息流并进一步改善速率延伸性能。提出了对总损耗函数提出的其他信息损失，以调整LR部分对最终位流的贡献。实验结果表明，与最先进的学术图像压缩方法相比，我们的方法分别将解码时间减少了约73.35％和93.44％，R-D性能仍然优于H.266/VVC（4：4：：4：： 2：0）以及对PSNR和MS-SSIM指标的一些基于学习的方法。

尽管使用深度学习技术从2D ENA中提取血管结构的研究越来越多，但对于这种方法，众所周知，曲线式结构上的数据注释过程（如视网膜脉管系统）非常昂贵且耗时，耗时，耗时，尽管很少有人试图解决注释问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了涂鸦基本弱监督学习方法的应用来自动化像素级注释。所提出的方法称为八度，使用涂鸦的地面真理与对抗性和新颖的自我监督深度监督相结合。我们的新型机制旨在利用来自类似于Unet的结构的歧视层的判别输出，在训练过程中，骨料判别输出和分割图谓词之间的kullback-liebler差异在训练过程中被最小化。如我们的实验所示，这种组合方法导致血管结构的定位更好。我们在大型公共数据集上验证了我们提出的方法，即Rose，Octa-500。将分割性能与最新的完全监督和基于涂鸦的弱监督方法进行了比较。实验中使用的工作的实施位于[链接]。